In order to research on anisotropic properties of chlorite schist in northwest of Hubei Province, a series of laboratory tests were carried out. The mineral composition and microstructure of chlorite schist, physical and mechanics parameters, and failure modes of specimens under uniaxial compression were analyzed, the mechanism of anisotropy was revealed. The research results show that: Foliation in chlorite schist are weak, which have great influence on wave velocity and make it in the direction of parallel to foliation 8 times faster than in vertical foliation direction. Under the uniaxial compression, the deformation of chlorite schist are easier and more when the foliation is horizontally distributed, and the specimens show brittle and splitting – shear failure mode, the microscopic fracture contain transgranular fracture and intergranular fracture. When the foliation is vertically distributed, the specimens show the vertical splitting-tensile failure mode, the microfracture is mainly intergranular fracture, and the anisotropy of uniaxial compressive strength, elastic modulus, poisson"s ratio measured is very obvious. The study can provide the theory basis for the design and construction of rock engineering projects in the distribution area of chlorite schist.