Bridge pier is one of the important buildings in the Three Gorges Reservoir Area. Aiming at the influence of landslide surge on bridge pier, this paper simulates the generation and propagation of surge and its effect on bridge pier by physical model, and analyses the impact of landslide volume, initial wave height and reservoir water depth on bridge pier. The results show that the maximum shock wave pressure distribution law of the same pier is different under different water level conditions, and the distribution law given by the code calculation is not perfect. The conclusions obtained by the predecessors using the superposition of solitary waves to study the surge are applicable only under certain water depth conditions, while the distribution of the maximum shock wave pressure of the same pier shows multi-peak fluctuation under deep water conditions, and the conclusions are not applicable. The distribution law of maximum shock wave pressure is different among piers on different shores and the position of maximum shock wave pressure is different. In engineering design, the most unfavorable load should be calculated separately for piers on both sides of the shore. Based on multiple linear regression, the formula for calculating maximum shock wave pressure of piers is given for reference in engineering design.