The plugging of roof rock in coal seams is critical to the storage of coalbed methane. The colored inversion can obtain the change of relative wave impedance, low dependence on logging and high plane resolution, which can be used to predict the distribution of lithology of coal seam roof in less well area. Based on the blueprinting of the original seismic data and the improvement of resolution, this paper carried out a colored inversion of the 3D seismic data of the Sijiazhuang Mine and predicted the lithology of the 9# and 15# coal seam roofs. The results show that the relative wave impedance anomaly is consistent with the lithology of the borehole, and the lithology of the topsoil of No.9 and No.15 coal seams in the Sijiazhuang area is predicted by the relative wave impedance plane distribution map, and the inversion results and regions of the stratigraphic slices at different times are predicted. The borehole data are consistent, indicating that the color inversion results are reliable and can effectively predict the lithology distribution characteristics of the coal seam roof.