Fracturing fluid plays an important role in the process of fracture propagation in oil shale hydraulic fracturing. Therefore, it has a great impetus to the development of hydraulic fracturing technology of oil shale to obtain the influence law of fracturing fluid on hydraulic fracturing fracture propagation of oil shale. Hydroxypropyl guanidine gel thickenerwas selected to prepare fracturing fluid-based fluids with different content, and its viscosity was measured. Then, based on XFEM fracture propagation analysis method and the influence model of fracturing fluid on oil shale fracture propagation, Abaqus numerical simulation softwarewas used to simulate fracture propagation of Wangqing oil shale in Jilin Provinceunder different viscosity and different displacement fracturing fluid. The analysis of simulation results show that the displacement of fracturing fluid is the main factor affecting fracture propagationwhen hydraulic fracturing fracture expands in oil shale, while the viscosity of fracturing fluid has little effect on fracture propagation of oil shale; with the increase of fracturing fluid displacement, the length and width of fracture increase rapidly, and the growth rate increases with the increase of displacement.At the later stage of hydraulic fracturing, the length and width of fracture gradually tend to be constant, that is, the influence of fracturing fluid on fracture propagation gradually becomes smaller.