In order to explore the effect of acute drug on cognitive function and the correlation with psychiatric symptoms of patients with schizophrenia. The PANSS was used to assess clinical symptoms and the MCCB was used to assess the cognitive function. All patients were treated with risperidone, MCCB and PANSS assessment were conducted after three months of follow-up, To analyze the changes of cognitive function and the relationship between cognitive function and psychiatric symptoms in patients with schizophrenia. The results show that the processing speed (P < 0.01), working memory (P < 0.01) and reasoning and problem-solving abilities (P < 0.01) of the patients were significantly higher than those before treatment, There were no significant changes in speech learning and memory, visual learning and memory and social cognitive functions after treatment; The total score of PANSS (P< 0.01), positive symptom score (P<0.01), negative symptom score (P<0.01) and general psychopathological symptoms score (P<0.01) of patients with schizophrenia were significantly lower than those before treatment; The improvement of processing speed (r = 0.55, P < 0.01) and working memory (r = 0.42, P < 0.05) was significantly positively correlated with the improvement of negative symptoms, but not with the improvement of total symptoms, positive symptoms and general psychopathological symptoms. There was no correlation between the improvement of reasoning and problem solving ability and psychiatric symptoms. It is concluded that acute drug therapy can improve the processing speed, working memory, reasoning and problem-solving ability of patients with schizophrenia, the improvement of processing speed and working memory is related to the alleviation of negative symptoms.